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BRARI ES SMITHSONIAN _ : 3 = ee Oa ae z SG S z BM S S 4J/ 3 Gdd ? g : ip = 2% = : : BIBRARIES GMITHCONIAN INGCTITIITION NIAIIATIIEA NWinneulimea” ~™ Division of Mollusks Sectional Library ; i Tasted K/LVISION © f Mollnets ‘ « nate 1 Liorary ie , tr os Orel aye 12. 7) Fe bend OS ad Pe ? {THE NATURAL HISTORY _ OF BRITISH SHELLS, INCLUDING FIGURES anv DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE SPECIES HITHERTO DISCOVERED IN GREAT BRITAIN, SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED IN THE LINNEAN MANNER, WITH SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON EACH, ; neue o> ea rs VOL. I. nee SIE Gums By E. DONOVAN, F.L.S. AUTHOR OF THE NATURAL HISTORIES OR BRITISH BIRDS, INSECTS, &c. &c. 7 EEE Oe a LONDON PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, , AND FOR F. AND C. RIVINGTON, No 62, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD, —=_ Boo. ; \ th sey ‘ 2 PN aige tee et Makedats 0% > s H abe mY ee ag 4 ; 4 f OF Br atta oly > vee tae) wh ADD aQvA ede? 8 5 r . y ceweuiniioitt Saint of tee wh “fe bi \ 4 has tm oa ‘ . By ' : en Ww) 3 ‘ j uss w . Ri pee Th SON SE saat at ‘ } « | ih * ot rd “a * t Pe Ey =r : ; C e- ies ‘¢ rhiu ¥ ty “ tb BLL, , ‘ do ctteurtty cathe Cit 6S MOmbOm Ge : . 4 ‘ CW ae Ee em eye Noe } JO ath Aeoden, FAA AM fry ec MOGI AONTUA BHT ADR air THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH SHELLS. INTRODUCTION. VERMES. Tus class of Animals was formerly confounded with Insects and Plants: the Zntestina and Mollusca were referred to the first class: the Zoophyta and Lithophyta to the latter; and some Authors had even classed the testacea, or Shells, as a branch of Mineralogy, with= — out regarding the Animals inhabiting them. Linnzus, in the Systema Nature, comprehends the whole of these creatures in the last class of Zoology ; and forms their classical character from ‘aai internal structure, as in larger and more perfect animals: Cor uniloculare, inauritum ; Sande frigida, albida. Tentaculatis Vermibus. Heart fur- fished with one ventricle, without auricle; sanzes cold and whitish, or colourless. The five orders of the Linnzan class Vermes are thus defined :— VOL, I. | B INTRODUCTION. ° Intestina, simple, naked, destitute of limbs. ‘Mollusca, sunple, naked ; but not without limbs. Testacea, animal with a calcareous covering. Lithophyta, animal composite, affixed to, and fabricate a calcareous base.—Coral. | Zoophyta, a vegetating stem like a plant; animal composite, and resemble flowers. _ Linnzeus has included in the Testacea Order the whole tribe of Shells. In the generic characters he regards both the Shell and its inhabitant: in the definition of species, the former only is attended to. There are very strong arguments against the method of arrang- ing this tribe by the Animals, although it cannot be denied, that the Shells are only the coverings or habitations, and should not demand our primary attention *. The TEsTAcEA are Vermes of the soft and simple kind, and are covered with a calcareous habitation. ‘These are separated into three divisions, according to the number of valves of which the Shell con- sists. ‘The first division includes only three genera, Chiton, Lepas, and Pholas; these are called Multivalves, and are formed of many valves, oF pieces, disposed transversely on each other. ‘The second division consists of Bivalves, or Shells of two pieces, connected toge- ther with a hinge, or cartilage. ‘The third division is of Univalves, and have the Shell complete in one piece, as the word implies. The Linnzan genera are— * Vide Donovan’s Instructions for collecting and preserving Subjects of Natusal History. London, 1794. i INTRODUCTION, Multivalvia. CHITON. LEPAS. PHOLAS. Bivalvia: conche. Mya. SoLEN. TELLINA. CARDIUM. MAcTRA. ‘Donax. VENUS. SPoNDYLUS. CHAMA. ARCA. OsTREA. ANoMIA. MYyTILLUs. PINNA. Univalvia. ; spira regulart CoCHLEAE. ARGONAUTA. NAUTILLUS. Conus. CyPRAEA. BuLLA. VoLUTA. BuccInuM. STROMBUS. MurReEx, TRocHUSs. TURBO. HELIX. NERITA. HALIOTISs. sine spira regulari. PATELLA. DENTALIUM. SERPULA, TEREDO. SABELLA. yest vag. ep tiallh Malas Me .° 4d PRAT &» I. RIG: RLEL OSTREA VARIA. FP ARIEGA TED, OR ONE-EARED SCALLOP. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve unequal. ‘The hinge without a tooth, having a small oval cavity. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell almost equally convex ; about thirty rays, scabrous, imbri- cated, or beset with transverse scales. One ear *. OsTREA VARIA testa zquivalvi: radiis triginta scabris compressis echinatis uni aurita. Gmel.—Linn. Syst. Nat. 3324. 48. ya P. subrufus, striis viginti quatuor, ad minimum donatus.—P. parvus, ex croceo variegatus, tenuiter admodum striatus, al- ternis fere striis paulo minoribus. Last. H. Conch. Pecten minor nostras, striis plurimis minoribus. Mus. Petiv. p. 86. No. 830. Pectunculus echinatus fusco purpureus. Borlase Corn. p. 277. *® It has two ears, but one is considerably larger than the other. PLATE L Pecten varius: variegated scallop. Pen. Br. Zool. No. 64. tab. 61. Sig. 64. PEcTEN MonoTis: ONE EARED EscaLutop. Parvus angustior, zequivalvis, inzequaliter auritus, strigis echinatis. Da Costa. Tab. 10. fig. 1.2. 4. 5.7. 9. Many beautiful kinds of this species are found on our coasts. Some are of an uniform, obscure, reddish, or purple colour, without any markings: some are violet, and others bright yellow, or orange. The most elegant kinds are variegated with different colours, as white, red, purple, and brown. ‘The purple kind marbled with irregular spots, and waves of white ; and the coral red, with black and white mark- ings, and white on the upper part, are select specimens of these elegant varieties. Pennant says, this species is often found in oyster-beds, and dragged up with them. <‘¢ It is frequent on most of the shores of England ; , as in Wales ; at Margate, and Sheerness, in Kent ; in Sussex and Dor- setshire ; in Devonshire ; at Lelant and Whitsand Bay, &c. in Corn- wall ; the ostium of the river Aln in Northumberland, and many other places.” Da Costa. DLATE (ites yy n } PUA raves 9 a : ty - ted ip ‘ hel t + x i ‘ Ay Ay ‘ . i i es t s Fail $ } * >, in h F ¢ F , di E a : 4 79 any A HP) x 7 Wy 4) Eta (1 ‘ ‘ { i 4 ‘ ‘ f a” J fa - } +) h of il i) ” SAD i ) r it \ q a} 4 4 4 ; i ani | » 4 id * i ’ if if hy fe j ‘ ‘ - ' ) ‘ ’ pes it ' (i { i ' 4 4 . : ! Dy Eee A‘ ‘ iy i : uh Ce ? - , i ‘ 4 ; - eg ‘ ‘ ‘ i} , ’ bj * « + a mh) > ‘ es = a Ys a : Ee fe i AY I i Mi ee BP ba the PLATE I. A REM a6 op TURBO CIMEX. LATTICED WHELKE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell oblong-oval. Striz decussate, or intersect each other in a spiral direction. TurBo Cimex, testa oblongo-ovata, striis decussatis: punctis emi-~ nentibus. Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 1233. No. 609. Turbo Cancellatus, Zatticed. Turbo minimus albus cancellatim vel decussatim striatus. Da Costa Br. Conch. 104. 60. tab. 8. fig. 6.9. | a A CIARA The natural size of this shell is shewn at Fig. I. together with its fnicroscopic appearance. It is a very small species, thick, without PLATE IL. f gloss. ‘The striz are elevated, broad, and cross each other so as to form a deep latticed-work of thick ridges. ‘This species is noted from Cornwall and Guernsey : it is also found in the Mediterranean. FIG. Hh. HI. FV. VE V. TURBO. PULLUS. . PAINTED WHELKE. e GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aper- ture rather compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Turso Putius. Turbo testa imperforata ovata levi, apertura antice diducta. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1233. No. 610. igure minimus levis, variegatus, albo rubicundus. Small red and white variegated Whelke. Borlase Cornw. p. 277. : Painted, Turbo pictus. Turbo minimus levis, albo et rubro perbelle pictus, da Costa, p. 103. 59. tab. 8. fig. 1. 3. , ‘A minute, but elegant species ; it is a very delicate shell, thin-and transparent, smooth and glossy. The varieties are numerous; gene- PLATE IL rally white or blush-rose colour, with the markings crimson or red- dish purple, disposed in zones, spiral circles, transverse streaks, irregular waves, lines, spots, and specklings. Some are variegated with different shades of brown in a similar manner. Fig. II. represents the natural size: Fig. III. a full grown speci- men. Fig. IV. IV. IV. are elegant varieties, as they appear under the microscope. Da Costa notes this species from the coast of Cornwall, and from Exmouth in Devonshire. ~ Dix i +0 MEN ECLY sb fhe tAers Cua eis +5 Fix sign f eit e ty ase | Vi via ( bt wae dea? a) ‘a 7 dott het . 3 a aS % i th? > ‘ ‘ ie ee : > 4 shy ees b, es or adit nr Re A oat val 7 1 idk Ota " » y ' i SM, ‘ , ; h bath f , 1 | ri ' aN i : { Ks ite ‘ £ ‘ / i 4 4 ea 1 , { ei , { ri ry ve 4 ere 14 ea ’ 4 " > , uit , ss yy a ‘ sng pe a. Piges : 4 ; & ‘ : x » : » a4 a Mie iy da teaseichignh re OT Pcl 98 Og Jy HE a | - a 7 a a, "| ¥ * M 4 ‘ 3 ; { Ne ah 7 é 3 j 4 J 4 ee ee = eee a oy emit har eee avi YTUAT #.« All. OSTREA SUBRUFUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve unequal. The hinge without a tooth, having a small oval cavity. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell thin. Twenty longitudinal rays, finely striated; ears unequal ; colours various ; generally red. PECTEN TENUIs, subrufus, maculosus, circiter viginti striis majori- bus, at levibus, donatus. Last. H. An. Angl. p. 85. tab. 5. fig. 30. PecTen supruFus. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 63. tab. 60. fig. 63. PecTEN Pictus: mediocris, fere equivalvis, tenuis, varlis coloribus perbelle variegatus. Da Costa, Br. Conch. p. 144, /p. 3. Sek a Pectunculus pennatus striis dense notatus, luteo purpurascens. Pecten altis striis albo purpureis transverse variegatis insignis; & Pectunculus purpurascens vittis albis circularibus variegatus. orlase Cornw. p. 277. tab. 28. fig. 18, 21 and 22. VOL. f. F \ PLAT E+ 2m This elegent species is found on several of the shores of Great Bri- tain and Ireland, particularly those of Cornwall, Dorset, and Nor- thumberland. It is generally about two inches and an half in length. Shell thin and rather convex. ‘The inside is smooth and glossy, and commonly white, though sometimes of a brownish colour. The — colours of the outside very various and beautiful. Da Costa enume- rates the chief varieties, as, 1. almost white, and white charged with brown, red, or purple; 2. uniform bright yellow, and pale yellow, with white; 3. untform brown, and brown, red, or purplish grounds with wihife, 8c. all these colours are elegantly blended and variegated, sometimes marbled or mottled or disposed in ZONES, girdles, broad longitudinal rays, &c. Fig. 1. represents a fine coloured specimen of the variegated red and white kind. Fig. 2. The uniform deep orange, which we appre- hend is less common. sen wt Pea TE aT. HELIX NEMORALIS. GIRDLED SNAIL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Aperture or mouth contracted and lunated. - SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND . SYNONYMS. Imperforated, subrotund, thin, pellucid. Mouth semi-lunar ; generally girdled with streaks : and of various colours. Hexrix NEMORALIs: testa imperforata subrotunda levi diaphana fasciata, apertura subrotundo-lunata. Linn. Faun. Suec. 2186.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. Conch. p. 3647. 108. eieieAy, Cochlea citrina aut leucophza, non raro unicolor, interdum tamen unica, interdum etiam duobus, aut tribus, aut quatuor plerumque vero quinis fasciis pullis distincta. ast. H. An. Angl. p.116. tit. 3. tab. 2. fig. 3. Cochlea imperforata, interdum unicolor, interdum variis fasciis depicta. FasciaTa girdled. Da Costa, Br. Conch. p. 76. sp. 41. Helix Nemoralis, variegated. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 131. F 2 PLATE Xi: Prof. Gmelin, in the last edition of the Systema Nature, enumerates © no less than thirty-one varieties of this beautiful land Shell. Da Costa describes six principal varieties in his British Conchology *. Some of the kinds are rare, others extremely common, living in trees, hedges — and gardens. Itisa widely diffused species being found in every part of Europe as well as Great Britain. * 1. Uniform, of a pale citron colour, or yellow of different shades: the mouth finely bordered within and without, with a dark brown, and with a brownish shade or cloud on so much of the body wreath as lies within the mouth, or from the outer lip quite across to the edge of the pillar. Pretty frequent. 2. Uniform, of a flesh colour of different shades, with the mouth in like manner bordered with dark brown ; and the body wreath also shaded exactly the same as the last. Not very frequent. 3 Uniform, of different degrees of brown, with the same circumstances. Common. 4. The ground yellow or greenish yellow of different shades, with a regular single {piral girdle, or according to the turn of the wreaths, in the very middle of each wreath, with the brown border round the mouth, and the shade or cloud on the Jody. Pretty frequent. 5. Tbe ground fle colour of different shades, variegated’ in like manner with a single girdle, the border round the mouth, and on the body. Not very frequent. 6. Many dark-brown spiral girdles on the yellow, flefh, or brownish grounds, sometimes to five girdles at least on the body wreath ; sometimes only four. Thefe girdles are of different breadths, some being very arrow, like streaks, others broader, like belts; and others so extremely broad as to cover the parts, and make the ground colour only appear in girdles. They are also not equidistant or regularly set ; but the very broad girdles lie most generally on the upper part of the shells, These girdled sorts are the most frequent or common. Da Costa Br. Conch, p. 78. | at F q ‘ ' & ‘ , i: th TA ui Lot? > i ea - + oe LER \ Y , t an , @ - aoe Det he 14 Pb ACT BeoXKTV, PATELLA VULGATA. COMMON LIMPET. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax, Shell univalve, subconic, without spires. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS, Oblong ovoid with about fourteen obsolete angles, margins deep or dilated. PATELLA VULGATA: testa subangulata: angulis quatuor decim obsoletis margine dilato acuto.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. Conch. p. 3697.—Sp. 23 £6 Schroet. n. Litterat 3. p. 62. nm. 17 ¥ ° Knorr. Vergn 6. t. 27. f. 8. Patella integra ex livido cinerea, striata. Da Costa. Br. Conch. po. pl. t. fige 3, 2,9. Patella ex livido cinerea striata. List. Hist. Anim. Angl. p. 195. tit. 40. tab. 5. fig. 40. Patella Vulgata, Common. Penn. Br. Zool. 4. No. 145. tab. 89. jig. 145. Patella integra. Klein, Ostracol. p. 115. §. 283. No. 10. Lepas Argenville, p. 21. ¥°3 Si \ : | PLATE XIv. ie The Limpet is common on all the European fhores. The outside ds generally encrusted with filth, balani, &c. beneath which, it has — an epidermis of a blackish colour. ‘The shells vary exceedingly in colours, not only in the different stages of growth, but also in the adult state. When young, the colours are remarkably vivid and elegantly disposed ; the shell flat and the margins deeply crenated : those of full growth are on the conttary very conic and the colours less brilliant. ‘The margins irregular and the ridges more obsolete, Some authors have considered several varieties as distinct species. — ‘Da Costa among others, deems the Patella depressa of Pennant, no other than a young variety of the common kind. PLATE AV, BUCCINUM LINEATUM, LINEATED, GENERIC CHARACTER. ! Whelkes whose mouths are cut short at top, for the gutter or beak does not ascend, but bends and falls on the back, oblique or awry, exactly like the mouth of a soal or flat ffh. Da Costa. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Small, pyramidal, or sharp pointed at bottom, Dark brown, lineated {pirally with white. - Buccinum LInEATUM: recurvirostrum minimum pullum, lineis _ | albidis spiraliter distinctum. Da Costa, Br. Conch. p.130. sp. 77. This species is found in great abundance on the coast of Cornwall. ‘The annexed plate exhibits several magnified figures of the most ele. gant varieties, together with the natural size. PLAT Ev RVL FIG. 1. NERITA PALLIDULUS, PALE NERIT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Globose. Aperture semiorbicular. SPECIFIC CHARACTER Semitransparent, Wreaths rather prominent, Mouth semilunar, very patulous. Umbilicus large. Nerita Corneus, spira paululum exserta. Pallidulus Da Costa. p. 51. Sp. 29, Da Costa says * ‘This species is rare, for I have only received some few shells from the coasts of Kent and Dorset.’”? He also con- siders it an undescribed shell. i . &c.—The star denotes the natural size of the shell. PLATE XVI FIG. I. I. NERITA FLUVIATILIS. RIVER NERIT. | a SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND » SYNONYMS. Small, spotted, streaked, and reticulated. Nerita FiuviaTitis; N. testa rugosa labiis edentulis.—LZinn, Syst. Nat. p.125. 3. No. 7123. | Nerita parvus fluviatilis, elegantur maculatus, fasciatus, aut reticu- | culatus. Flaviatilis, Da Costa Br. Conch, p. 48. Sp. 27. Nerita flnviatilis, € cceruleo virescens, maculatus, operculo subs rufo lunato et aculeato datus. ist. H. An, Angl. p. 136. tit. 20. tab. 2. fig. 20. Nerita fluv. exiguus, recticulate variegatus, ‘Small netted Thames nerit. Mduf. Petiv. p. 61. No. 718. Nerita fluviatilis, River. Penn, Br. Sool. No. 142, tab. 87. fig. 142, 2 e ‘This species is very frequent inrivers. It is small; of an ovoid shape, and very elegantly variegated with black, white, red, green, hy . i ' , . x 4 Ve ¢ i be Les is t Th 4s » ' ‘ " ot a 4 7 ' iy 4 PLATE XVII. VENUS CHIONE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bivalve. Hinge furnished with three teeth; two near each other, the third divergent from the beaks. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell smooth with fine transverse wrinkles, a strong cartilage on one slope, and a long pointed oval depression on the other. Venus CHIONE: testa transverse subrugosa levi, cardinis dente pos- teriori lanceolato. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. Conch. p- 3272. sp. 16. ; P. GLazer, SMootn Pectunculus major crassus, politus, castaneus, lucide radiatus. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 184. Sp. 22. | Pectunculus maximus crassus, levis fere radiatus. Mus. Petzv. Dp. 86. No. 833.—Curvirostrum. Leigh. Lanca- shire. tab. 3. fig. 5. Venus Chione, 6 Rumf. Mus. t.42. f.G. Venus Chinone, y Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 33. f. 334. ‘* This species,’’ says Da Costa, ** is rare in England. I found it at Mount’s Bay in Cornwall, where the fifhermen told me they call it from the ifland of Purbeck in Doked tie Dr. Leigh mentions. 4 that it is got on the coasts of Cheshare, ‘ Pennant has not ‘noe this Shell. Linnzeus described it as an Asiatic species in the Systema Nature, but adds it is perhaps an Eu- | ropean species also. In the last edition by Gmelin, it stands expressly. as a British Shell. Habitat mm Mari Britannico, Ke. This Shell is thick, strong and heavy: the outside smooth and glossy, with numerous, concentric transverse wrinkles, and several faint rays in a longitudinal direction. ‘The margins are plain, The inside milk white and glossy. PDR XVUL. TURBO FASCIATUS. FASCIATED. GENERIC CHARACTER, Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Six spires. White marbled or fasciated with black. Turso Fasciatus. Fasciated. Penn. Br. Zool. No..119. tab. 82. fig. 119. | Buccinum exiguum fasciatum et radiatum. List. H. Conch. tab. 19. fig. 4. This is one of the six species Da Costa marks with a roman letter, because he could not procure the originals to figure and describe in the British Conchology. It is figured in the British Zoology of Pennant, who says it is very frequent in dnglefea, in sandy soils near the coast. *S Ph > vale t; ae ae e a i Wy Oy porate eal) ’ ‘ 4 yh cS pe se < - wed i! , * , f * t z , ‘ i ‘ : ' i. - r : - ‘ . . s a ‘ t we , ty Be dr Mts in ane te re Wain tayfozetti y ” ’ = ~ ah ' + ’ } ‘ * “ig - ae 5 Tey * ‘ i f . 2 a “ * / 2 - / ; és , * ’ 2 — / " - ~ u » i ' i Pky. * og on PLATE XIX. FIG. LL TELLINA BIMACULATA. DOUBLE SPOT TELLEN. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge usually furnifhed with three teeth. Shell generally sloping on one side. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. AND SYNONYMS. -Subrotundand somewhat triangular, smooth and whitish. T'wo ob- long sanguineous red spots on the inside. « TELLINA BIMACULATA: testa triangulo-subrotunda latiore levi albida: intus maculis duabus sanguineis oblongis. Linn. F. Suec. 11. No. — -:2135.—S. N. p. 1120. T. minima levis alba, intus maculis duabus sanguineis oblongis no-- ‘tata. Binaculata. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 213. 45. This singular species is found on the shores of Lancashire and Hampshire. i PLATE XIx. © FIG. Il. IL TELLINA TENUIS. THIN TELLEN: SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND . SYNONYMS. Thin. Subrotund, glossy ;—colour sometimes red TELLINA PLANATA: Concha testa subrotunda glabra incarnata. Linn. F. Suec. 1. p. 381. No. 1335. Tellina testa-ovata compressa, transversim substriata levi: margi- | nibus acutis, &c. S. N. p. 1117. No. 52. © Tellina valde tenuis, parva, subrotunda, plerumque rubra. ‘Tenuis. — Thin. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 210. Sp. 43. — | Tellina parva, intus rubra, ad alterum latus sinuosa. Lust. Conch. 4 tab. 405. fig. 250. t Tellina levis intus et extra rubra, ad latus sinuosa. 6. fig. 251. | i Tellina planata. Plain. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 29. tab. 48. fig. 29. \ Found on many of our shores, as Kent, Essex, Cornwall, &c. Some of the varieties are extremely delicate, and. prettily streaked with pale red and white : many are entirely white, or white tinged with yellow. Some are orange colour; but the rarest kind is deep faa violet-or purple. | Sh Sia “Al | PRAT eS XX. eit. le NERITA GLAUCINA. bs) CHAIN NERIT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Globose. Aperture semiorbicular. SPECIFIC CHARACTER |. AND SYNONYMS. Umbilicated, glossy. Spires swelled, obtuse. Umbilicus large and deep with the inner lip greaily. spread on the body wreath. A chain of short brown marks along the spires. NeritTa GLAuciIna: testa umbilicata levi, spira obtusiuscula, um- bilico semiclauso : labio gibbo dicolore. Lanz. Syst. Nat. p.1251. No. 116. Nerita Glaucina. Livid. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 141. tab. 87. fig. 141. Cochlea Catena. Chain Nerit.C. Unmbilicata ie rufescens fasciis , maculatis, maxime ad imos orbes distincta. Da Costa, Br. Conch. p. 83. sp. 45. (aR 00RD Ea TIES Sl BT SSSR ED NL AEA IE i ROTI This Shell is not uncommon on the shores of the Essex and Kentish coasts ; on the sandy shores of Lincolnshire, Dorsetshire, Devonshire, VOL. L G PLATE RE Cornwall, &c. The same species is found in the Mediterranean and the West Indies, The colours are very fine, particularly in the young Shells. FIG. NERITA LITTORALIS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. | Shell thick, smooth vertex flat. Inner lip spread obliquely. Neritra Lirroratis: T. tefta levi, vertice carioso, labiis edentulis. : Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 1253. No. 724. Nerita vulgaris, unicolor, flavus aurantiacus, vel fuscus, aut fasciatus, aut reticulatim variegatus. Littoralis. Da Costa, Br. Conch. p. 50. sp. 28. Last. H. Conch. tab. 697, fig. 39. Nerita Littoralis. Strand. Pen. Br. Zool. No. 143. tab. 87. fig. 143. This Shell is very common on all the British coasts, particularly the fine yellow kinds. ‘Those with broad bands or girdles, and also such as are reticulated with dark greenish colour on a light ground, are rare varieties of this species. NS + { : P Agee. XX, PATELLA HUNGARICA. : LARGE FOOL’S CAP. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell univalve, subconic, without spires. SPECIFIC CHARACTER . AND SYNONYMS. Shell entire, conic, acuminated, striated, with the vertex turning down, — or hanging over one side. PATELLA UNGARICA: testa integra conico acuminata striata vertice hamoso revoluto, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1259. No. 761. PATELLA Huncarica, Bonnet. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 147. tab. 90. fig. 147. Patella integra, albescens, striata, vertice spirali, intus rosacea. Da Costa, Br. Conch, p.12. sp. 6. | Lepas Bonnet de Dragon. LD’ Avila, Cab. J. p. 86. 87. No. 32. 34. ‘© This species is only found on the Cornish coast, and even is very scarce there, being most generally dredged some miles from the shore; for the Shell is so thin, that it will hardly bear rolling from its native spot to the beach. It is generally found afhxed to a species of escal- lops, called frills, in Cornwall.” Da Costa. pes a! “AOI AGRI ‘AAA ¢ i ' ae ; . x gh 2 r 4 ~ ) ‘ 1 t Z ; ; . i a ‘ $ be . ’ ‘ $4 - a ) Ws ‘ : 3 ; s% » f ee! a vf y - * ae i : * ts \ < wird \ ‘3 + z - : + : 4 pie Fe F 2a ay ; i ‘ i y b 4 A / > ¥ 2 aH es 2 ra ‘ aie 4 oy ex . ft 4 7 6 ¥ Bi we ~ ° Pap : 5 oF 1 = % ~ , ‘: \ « 3 . x , i ie! 25 i , A ~ ~ - athe ? aed 2 : . hs ~ s my ; et) 4 . . é 3 ‘ vt j * 1 Ra ace oo Wace 0 ‘ : ¢ pen ‘ fuk eres K: se ek P 4 oy ous ‘ 2 i F * "Wen ; » ear ae a vi fae i ~ & q ey * iS Bi 4 Sh b nhs we oy. thi ue Pays. pas PLATE XXL FIG. II. IL. PATELLA PARVA.. SMALL LIMPET. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell small, entire, without gloss, whitish, faintly rayed with red. PATELLA PaRvA: integra, parva, sublevis, albescens radiis ruben-, tibus. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 7. sp. 3. Da Costa considers this as a nondescript species; he received several specimens of it from the coasts of Dorsetshire, but never from any other of the British shores, and therefore proposes it as a scarce Shell. It is rather larger than a pea, thin, and semipellucid; of a depressed conic shape, and the vertex inclining very much to one side. ‘The inside is whitish, outside the same, with a few longitudinal rays of pale red, or purplish brown. VOL. f. H PLATE ° XXI1. FIG. I. IL PATELLA RETICULATA. RETICULATED MASK LIMPET. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Small, ash colour, reticulated. Vertex perforated. P. LARVA RETICULATA. Patella parva cinerea, vertice perforata. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 14. sp. 1. PATELLA Gr&ca. STRIATED. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 153. tab. 89. fig. 153. PATELLA CLATHRATA. Allein. Ostrac. p. 116.—284. No. 2. Last. H. Conch. tab. 527. fig. 2.? Pennant says, this species inhabits the west of England. The specimens in Da Costa’s collection were also fished up near Wey- mouth, in Dorsetshire. ‘This is a rare Sheil, and is not known to in- habit any other of the British coasts. This Shell is about three quarters of an inch in length, half an — inch in breadth, and one quarter of an inch in heighth. ‘The out- side is deeply reticulated, or wrought with prominent longitudinal and transverse ridges. ‘The vertex inclines to one end, and is perforated ; its aperture is of an oblong form, and about one tenth of an inch in length. , ; uae,’ ‘ eee ' 4 Y ; 4 i \ i * * « « , vsti : P LIAS ES MATL. ETG.. i." ¥. TURBO CINCTUS. GIRDLED WREATH SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Whitish, variegated with brown. Spires swelled ana ridged: two» particularly large, broad, roundish ridges, in the middle of each spire. Turso Cinctus: strombiformis medius albus pullo variegatus, anfractibus porcis tumidis latis & spirabilibus cinctus. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 114. sp. 66. Tab. 7. fig. 8. } Turbo Exoletus. Linn. Syst. Nat. ? This is a very rare Shell. Da Costa says he has received it only from the coasts of Lincolnshire and Lancashire. H 2 PLATE XAT.” FIG. I. H. I. TURBO TEREBRA. AUGER SHELL. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell slender. Spires twelve, striated spirally. Six of the strie rather prominent. Turbo TEREBRA: testa turrita anfractibus carinis sex acutis. Gmel.. Linn. Syst. Nat. Conch. p. 3608. Sp. 61. ! Cochlea testa longa subulata, spiris, duodecim striatis. Linn. Faun. Suec. 1. p. 378. No. 1322.2. Mo. 2171. Buccinum tenue, dense striatum, duodecim minimum spiris donatum.. Last. HE. An Angl. p. 161. tit. tab. 3. fig. 8. Strombiformis medius albus rufo variegatus, anfractibus striatis. ‘Te- rebra. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 112. sp. 65. Turbo Terebra. Auger. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 113. tab. 81. fig. — 113: ts AL The colours in this species vary exceedingly ; the ground colour ~ is generally white, or cream colour, with the streaks, dots, and { markings of brown, pale red, or orange. The length is from one i inch and an half to two inches or more. | PLA TR: ARN. It is not uncommon on many of the British coasts *. Adanson has a variety of it (8) from Senegal ; and other authors mention the same species as a native of the East Indian and African seas. * This species is not uncommon on many of our coasts, and in great plenty on some, as at the Scilly Islands; at Liverpool, where they are called Cockspurs; at Scarborough, after winter storms, according to Lister; at Exmouth, and other places on the western shores; and I have received very fine and perfect ones from the coasts of Wales, as Flintshire, Pwibely in Carnarvonshire, and Barmouth in Merionethshire. It is also a Shell of the Orkneys. Da Costa. ey a “94 iy igh orien a fee Emad rp avo tana sia ‘ Fs diss cia eh ea egos was t > Te peieret ce Ra WAN ) Vv >, = 41) , ¥ | K ty: Ha roo AIRS straight ; but gibb the upper end. Mytilus magnus nigrescens p. 2AM -Musculus papuanus authorum. M. Modiolus, Great Mufcle. J fs- Ti: Musculus papaunus. - Bi PLATE XXV. FIG. I. I. MYTILUS DISCORS. DIVIDED MUSCLE. GENERIC CHARACTER, The hinge toothlefs, and consits of a longitudinal furrow. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. AND SYNONYMS. Shell oval, somewhat diaphanous and horny. Outside divided into three compartments ; the two exterior striated longitudinally ; the middle transversely, with extremely fine striz. Myrtitxus Discors: testa ovali cornea subdiaphana, antice lon- gitudinaliter posterius transversaliter striata.— Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. Conch, p. 3356. sp. 21. Mytillus minor tenuis areis tribus distinctus. Discors. Da Costa, Br. Conch. p..221.: sp. 51. The discovery of this rare species on our coast, is: ascribed by ’ Da Costa to Dr. Richard Pultney, F.R.S. of Blandford in Dorfet- shire ; he found it on an ascid4a at Weymouth in that county. It PLATE XXvV. has also been met with in Greenland, Iceland, and Norway ; and is likewise noted as a native of the Southern Ocean *. The shell found on the British coast is very small, brittle, and femi- transparent. ‘The outside is of a brownish or rosy colour, tinged with green. The inside smooth, glossy, and somewhat pearly. * Gmelinw—Probably this variety found in the South Seas is that which Da Costa notices in his description of Mytilus discors. “ All that Linné has seen,’’ (of Mytilus discors) *¢ as well as all those found on our coasts, are very small, thin, and delicate; but a kind no wise different, except in size and colour, being larger than a great walnut, and quite brown, was brought from the southern hemisphere by that great and national honor, Capt, Cook, the circumnavigator, in the late expedition for the discoveries of new countries, These also were entirely unknown to all our collectors; and, as they only differ in size, thicknefs, and colour, but are exactly the same in structure, way of life, and other particulars as thefe of our coasts, is it a distinct species or wariety only 2?’ == As a figure of this very analogous kind may be acceptable, it is introduced in the annexed Plate at fig. 2. PLATE XXVI. ANOMIA EPHIPPIUM. LARGER OR ONION-PEEL ANOMIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bivalve. Valves unequal: one gibbous towards the beak, the other flat, and perforated near the hinge. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Roundish: pellucid, much wrinkled. Flat valve perforated. Anomia EpuHippiumM: testa suborbiculata rugosa plicata planiore perforata. Gmiel. Lin. Syst. Nat. Conch. p. 3340. sp. 3. Anomia. Subrotunda plicata pellucida levis, valva planiore perforata. Tunica cepz. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 165. tab. 11. fig. 3. Huitre. Pelure d@oignon. Angenv. Conch. 2. p. 316. tab, 22. “fig. CY VA. DB. 2717. tab. 19. fig. C. The perforated Oyster. Petw. Mus. p. 85. No. 823. Anomia Ephippium, larger. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 70. tab. 62. PLATE KXVI. ‘The Anomia Ephippium is frequently found on the common oyster, to the shell of which it adheres by means of a strong tendinous liga~ ture, which passes through the perforation of the upper valve. This Shell is of an irregular form ; the outside rugged and filmy; the in- side smooth, pearly, and glowing with a variety of elegant tints. In different specimens the colours vary considerably, some being of — a rich purple, others pale red, brown, or deep yellow, and all with a - silvery hue. a x Pink BE «XEN a BULLA LIGNARIA. .WO00OD DIPPER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell sub-oval. Aperture oblong, very patulous, and smooth or even. One end rather convoluted. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Oblong, oval, narrow towards one end, and somewhat umbilicated, (or rather convoluted). Striated transversely. Buia Licnaria: testa obovata oblongiuscula transverse striata, vertice subumbilicato. Linn. Syst. Nat. Buxiia LiGNARIA major, leviter et dense transverse striata. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 26. sp. 14. tab. 1. fig. 9. Concha veneris major, leviter et dense striata. List. H. Conch. tab. 714. fig. 71. Bulla lignaria. Wood. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 83. tab. 10. fig. 83. Oublie, ou papier roulé, tonne. a bouche entiere. D’ Avila. Cab. p. 206,- No. 387. This species is not very common. It is found on the coasts of Cornwall, Devonshire, and Dorsetshire, and also on several of the coasts of Ireland. PLATE XXVIL The length is generally from one inch and an half to a 0 ‘ aches the shell is brittle and without gloss, of a light, brownish pa a, wrought transversely, with fine striz, and many narrow whitish veins. Its Latin and English names are derived from its supposed : resemblance to a piece of veined wood. This Shell is very open ; its animal‘a slug. a \ " f 2 ¢ » ‘, wee halted, | POOR Ty oped WD AGN gear ) en =e ee. ae eo) f , d a y i y? ot ae i a! be Ger i ees | ; ; f ‘ ‘e i: ‘+ ae 10a re Pr i ‘{ z f. fy ' : hi A * ‘ “A \ f Wh \ Ea ey ‘J A of | » ae Af i Ta ee ‘ ae + is aig : fe er { s. | t 7 4 y 4 i } - ; o', i ¢ t ’ J ‘ , } 4 q Mis i % ; f Ss = ¥ \ ’ : . ' : , 1 \ » 2 Se oe ty,“ ae EA PZ PLATE XXVIII. TURBO CLATHRATUS. BARRED OF FALSE WENTLETRAP. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Univalve. spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell taper, without umbilicus. Spires swelled and separated by a deep channel. Several regular elevated ribs or ridges extend in a longitudinal direction from the aperture to the apex. Turso CLATHRATUS: testa turrita ex umbilicata: anfractibus contignis levibus. Gmel. Lin. Syst. Nat. Conch. p. 3603. sp. 63.—Faun. Suec. 2170. Strombiformis minor albus aut pullo variegatus, costis longitudinalibus elatis eleganter distinctus. CLAaTHRATUs. Da Costa, Br. Conch. p.115. sp. 67. tab.1. fig. 11. Cochlea variegata, striis raris admodum eminentibus exasperatae. List. H. Conch. tab. 588. fig. 51. Turbo Clathratus. Barred Wentletrap. Penn. Br. Sool. No. 111. | tab.81. fig. 111. 111. 4. © Fausse scalata. D’ Avila, p. 221. No. 427. VOL. I. I Yi PLATE XXVIII. This is one of the most singular species that is found on the British coasts. It is very analagous to the famous Scalaris or Wentletrap of the East Indies, which bears such a high price amongst Conchologists ; and from this analogy it is called the False Wentletrap. Its length is about an inch, and sometimes two inches or even more. The mouth is perfectly round, and bordered with a thick ring ; from this ring arise several distinct equi-distant prominent ridges, generally eight in number, which extend the whole length of the shell in an obliquely longitudinal direction. These ridges appear the more remarkable _ and prominent, as the spires are very convex or swelled, and sepa~ rated from each other by a deep spiral channel. The colour of most specimens is milk white, but is sometimes obscured with brown, or marked transversely with distinct circles of ferruginous interrupted lines. Turbo Clathratus is found on several of the British coasts. | ' i \\ \\ PEATE ty fi ‘ ae Waa > ih v wea ® ‘ i i ’ “" il ‘aN: ; petulant, PLATE XXXII FIG. I. CARDIUM MEDIUM, PIGEONS HEART COCKLE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Two teeth near the beak ; and another remote one on each fide of the shell. SPECIFIC CHARACTER _ AND SYNONYMS. Shell somewhat heart-shaped, and furrowed longitudinally, retuse on one fide.. © CarpiumM MEeEpIvUM: testa subcordata, antice retusa longitudinali- ‘ter striato sulcata. Linn. Syst. Wate” ae TT: p. 422. Last. Conch. t. 316. fig. 152. Gualt. t. 83. f. b. Chemn, Conch, t. 16. fig. 162.— 165. | This shell has not hitherto been noticed as of Englifh growth. _ Our specimen, which differs in no respect from those found in the { Mediterranean sea, was found near Hartlepoole, on the coast of Durham. 7 cat © PLATE XXXII, EDS a. CARDIUM CILIARE. FRINGED COCKLE. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMs. Shell roundish, inclining to heart shape. Ribs longitudinal, trian- gular, and beset along the ridges with thin spines, CARDIUM CILIARE: testa subcordata, sulcis elevatis triquetris : extimis aculeato ciliatis. Linn. Syst. Nat p- 1122. 80. | Pectunculus albus exiguus, muricibus insigniter exasperatus. Wal- lace Orkn. p. 44. Pectunculus minimus triquetrus Essexiensis. Petw. Gaz. tab. 93. fig. IL. Cardium parvum tenue, costis triquetris aculeatis. Parvum. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 1717. 17. ti a: So * * es . : h ‘ Pennant describes this species as having eighteen ribs, and Da Costa about fifteen ; we have specimens that agree, ‘in this respect, with the descriptions of both authors. ‘The shell figured by the firft is the size of a hazel nut ; the latter says, he has never seen it larger than a nutmeg: a worn shell, with the habit of this species, that has been found since, is full twice that size. _ This delicate shell i is found on several of our coasts, as Cornwall, , Dorsetshire, and Devonshire ; alfo i in the Orkneys. PLATE XXXII. FIG. Ti Th. CARDIUM PYGMAUM. PYGMY COCKLE. SPECIFIC CHARACTER ' AND SYNONYMS. Nearly heart-shaped, somewhat angulated, furrows imbricated or beset with recurvated scales. CarDIUM PyGM#uM: testa subcordata, sybangulata, sulcis recur- | vato imbricatis. | Cardium exiguum. Gmiel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3255. sp. 37? List. Conch. t, 317. f. 154. Testacea minuta rariora ¢. 3, f. 83, Size of a large currant, of a reddifh brown, or sometimes whitish colour, Found in Kent, and at Falmouth, in Cornwall K 4 wa - 4 BA SP OIC che QU Sane fe ‘ mn 1 hee PLATE XXXIIL ¥ LG> 4. IL, TURBO LITTOREUS. | COMMON PERIWINKLE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture some- what compressed, orbicular, entire. . SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell with five spires: the firft much swelled, the turban tapering and sharp pointed ; striated spirally. Lip thin, and much spread on the pillar. Torso Littorevs: testa subovate acuta striata, margine columnari plano. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1232. No. 607. Fn. Sv. 2. 2169. Turbo Littoreus, Periwinkle. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 109. tad. 81. fig. 109. | Turbo-pyramidalis crussus fuscus, striis crebris preditus. Littoreus. Da Costa, Br. Conch. p. 98. 55. -. 7 ’ 7 ; i It is needless to enter into detail on a species so well known as the Common Periwinkle ; yet it may be proper to observe, these shells, in many instances, vary considerably. The young shells are reddish, PLATE XXXII. / whitish, yellowish, or brown, of various hues, sometimes uniform, or without any markings; -at others, girdled spirally with darker colours. The adults also are sometimes bright red, orange, chesnut, or whitish, or olive, with, and sometimes without, the spiral lineations. They vary no less in size than in colours ; and those of the Orkneys, in par- ticular, are quadruple, the size of those on the Irish or English coast. It is said, the name Periwinkle is a corruption of Petty Winkle, or small Winkle, or Whelk.. Fig, I. 1., &c. Adult vanities of Turbo Littoreus. Fig. II. IL. the young shells. | FIG. II. I, TURBO RUDIS. THICK-LIFPED PERIWINKLE, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell somewhat tapering, without umbilicus. Volutions of the spires, or turban swelled. Lip thick, and glossy within. This shell has been kindly communicated by Dr. Maton, as a new species.. It is noticed in the first volume of that gentleman’s Obser- vations on the WESTERN CounrTIEs; but has not, we believe, been hitherto figured. It was discovered on the banks of the Tamar, in Devonshire, near Bere-Alston, and is thus described: PLATE XXXIII. ‘© In the mud appeared a species of Turbo, which, though very similar to 7°. Lzttoreus (the common Periwinkle), has some cha- racters that seem to authorize its being considered as a different shell. The anfractus are much more swollen, as it were, than in the above species; the spire is more depressed; and, besides, there is no ap- pearance of striz, either transversely or longitudinally. This shell has a sort of distorted or rude contour, that may, perhaps, entitle it to the appellation of 7. Rudis. Its colour is “greenish,” Page 271. wol, 1, | an Be at apie a Sth | “Pe Pa ee sitaaes ar ‘hee ritgent ‘ ‘So Be ‘ia %. * ia; a Vy hee + Wihy con 5 eeu Dae PLATE RRIV. OSTREA PUSIO. DISTORTED. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve, unequal. The hinge without a. tooth, having a small oval cavity. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Eared. With about forty longitudinal rays. Shell irregular, or diftorted. Concha testa aurita, striis circiter quadraginta. Linn. F. Suec. 1. p- 384. No. 1345. | Pecten minimus angustior, inzequalis fere et asper, sinu ad cardinem cylindraceo, ceberrimis minutissimisque _ striis donatus. List. Hist. Art.” p. USES GIS Y., tab. 5. fig. 31. ‘Pecten Pusio. Writhed. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 65. tab. 61. fig. 65. | Pecten minor alba, contusa proteiformis. Petiv. Gazoph. tab. 94. fig. 2. . Twisted Pectines of Stroma. Wallace, Orkn. p. 43, 44 Pecten parvus inzqualibus, informis, striatus. DistorTus, DIs- TORTED. Da Costa, Br. Conch. p. 148. tab. 10. fig 3. 6. , | PLATE XXXIV. Dissimilar as the several figures in this plate may appear, they are merely accidental varieties in size, growth, and colour of an individual species. ‘These shells are generally about an inch, or more, in length, and of a somewhat globose shape ; but so extremely irregular and dis- torted, that it can with difficulty be defined. Dr. Wallace calls these shells the twisted pectines of Stroma, a little island that lies in the Pightland Frith ; he found them on some parts of the Orkneys, where he observed extraordinary cross and strong tides. The irregular form of these pectines rather surprised him. He adds, ‘I cannot think the odd strange tumbling the tides make there, can contribute any thing to that frame; yet, after all, I never see them in any other place.”’*— These shells are now found on several of the English shores, as York- shire, Scarborough, Mouth of the River ‘Pees, and Dorsetshire; and are also frequent in the fossil state, in the chalk pits of Kent.and Surry. Both valves are convex, and much diftorted, but the under one is usually the most irregular ; the ribs are numerous, close set, longitu- dinal, and prominent. ‘The inside of the lower valve is smooth and white, when alive, and that of the upper has a pearly gloss. The outside is generally of a dingy white, or yellowish cast ; sometimes pale violet, or russety ; or white mottled, and varied with brown, or brilliant red. The ears of this shell are large, and nearly equal, but are often so distorted as to appear much otherwise. It is proper to observe, that though the regular form this shell assumes may be attributed to some injury it has sustained in its growth, every shell of this species is conftantly found with the same diftorted appearance. This circum- ftance leaves no reason to doubt that such diitortions are characteriftic of this extraordinary and peculiar species. (35 PLATE: XXXM. MUREX ERINACEUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a strait and somewhat pro- duced gutter or canaliculation. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. AND SYNONYMS. Shell subangular, rugose, or covered | entirely with raised scales or points. Spires fix. Murex Erinacevs: testa multifarium subfrondoso-spinosa, spirze anfractibus retuso coronatis, cauda abbrevi- ata. Linn. Syst. Nat. 526. p. 1216.— Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3530. Buccinum majus canaliculatum, rostratum, ore labioso, fimbriatum, umblicatum, ore angusto, oblongo, rugosum, costu- latum, striis eminentibus reticulatim exasperatum, albidum. Gualt.1. Conch. Tab. 49. fig. H. Murex Erinacevs. Urchin. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 95. tab. 76. fig. 95. Seba. Muf. 3. t. 49. fig. 18, 719.— Martin. Conch. 3. t. 110. f. 1026—8. Buccinum longirostrum medium subangulatum, porcis spiralibus dis- tinéum. Porcatum. Da Costa. tab. 8. fig. 1. 1. ps 133. Ain \ . 4 “ ’ ” * . - se Ye aA fabs pal rl a a! ” " ‘ ae, § Ri ny ey a i Me cd , - mY it i i RS 1 x t ¥ % oat ”~ r ~ , 4 ct ts Ta ae i We Rave, ar GON an ol ae r \ ‘ a, AU nes ie LS Sl Popes . ‘ 4 4 v Bs } Bhi a { * Ae 5 4 ’ Bh uae Ue ' prs, With Soe, Ny a Liab men eee Pina : * n " bo i A s poe q Ph Oe deka Q Pea Ty Se Ns hs ee Sa a ’ . a) hg q Li GS Fy F y As) ee r] wv 5 i f hh ‘ t t 4 taveld my Bt y ye ‘ ‘ ane ba dee OU i, PAA RAGE ean cee y i I toy . i] i wit ' " a , My s. ah Dae ie Vs aN es i, 4 Gi By) ae hd ) i} f rye Ts: BAN f a tA F . 4 y Hy ods ‘ y pe ¥ ; * " Pry Te A Ay Baan =. 4 bod ‘4 ' aN ae er: ct + y , ‘ ‘ s ‘ x s 4 * \ } a A rt \ i | fj Mis t ; Iftar" AR as ¢ ‘ ra > t " ‘ t h i ra ‘i : a ' 7 1 aale, ¥ 4 : : ‘ % a ANS Ai? * 7 4 M, F i, ‘ ’ N py ‘ ‘ i ' : tae j "9 ’ " ay ¥ Cs ” be; 7 Re da ; i 149 4 ta ae it i 36 PLATE XXXVI. FIG. I. LEPAS INTERTEXTA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Triton. Shell of many unequal valves: affixed by a stem. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell rather depressed and ribbed obliquely. Lepas INTERTEXTA: testa subdepressa oblique costata. Lepas striata. Penn. Br. Sool. t. 38. f. 7. Walker teft. min. rar. f. 87. a a This rare fpecies is the Zepas intertexta of the Portland Museum ; it was fifhed up at Weymouth, adhering to a valve of the Ostrea fub- rufus. The shells of this genus are in general very complex in structure, the present is particularly so. Several shells of the natural size is re- presented on the orange space of the Ostrea, Fig. I.—Three figures are added to exhibit their magnified appearance; to distinguish these, the space is coloured green. Vou. I. L PLATE XXXVI. FIG. I. UL LEPAS BALANOIDES. COMMON ACORN SHELL. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell conic truncated, of six valves. Operculum bifid. Lepas BALANOIDES: testa conica truncata; operculo obtuso. Linn. Faun. Suec. \. p. 385. No. 1348 2. No. 2193. Balanus vulgaris parvus conicus é senis laminis comipositus, vertice operculo bifido rhomboide occluso. Da Br. Conch. p. 248. sp. 68. tab. 17, fig. 7. Lalanus cinereus, velut é senis laminis striatis compositus, ipso vertice. altera testa, bifida, rhomboide occluso. Balani parva species. Lust. H. dn. Angl. p. 196. tet. 41. tab. 5. fig. 41. These shells are found in the greatest abundance on all the British shores, adhering to rocks, shells, Ke. Ke. Da Costa says, this species, when not affixed on fat, but uneven surfaces, sometimes, but rarely, extend down into a pretty long rugged tubular stalk or root. ‘This variety is noted by Pennant, and an ex- traordinary, but mutilated specimen of it, is shewn at fig. 3. i \ | Ms aes ee, IN Db X. VOL. I. LINNAAN ARRANGEMENT. MULTIVALVIZ. Lepas balanus = - = = se balanoideés : - a E. & costata - = = “ f wemee= CONOIdes - ~ - - - mame Intertexta > - - a “ eos Anatifera BIVALVIA. CONCHA. Tellina bimaculata a ee - - - tenuis - - - = - g Cardium aculeatum x oe = = a medium 2 a A ciliare - » - = = eo pygmeum ws ba uy. oy x Donax crenulata “s — " a ee =—— trunculus = ee rs a us yi a irus = > = = = - Venus Chione . - in a iy » Ostrea varia - PA 2 ws 2 ” subrufus «+ - i = ss ‘a ‘Eee yee pusio - aa oe = as as aa Obfoletus ~~ “ ss 3 2 S Anomia Ephippium = - - - a Mytilus modiolus - = = a # discors a 2 = pa y Pinna muricata ee eo MGR La be Plate. I. I. 2. Ze Bulla lignaria Buccinum Lapillus Lineatum (eesgmaecosa Strombus Pes Pelecani Murex despectus Erinaceus Trochus magus Conulus Turbo littoreus ——-— rudis -——— terebra — cinctus clathrus ——— fasciatus - cimex om pullus Helix nemoralis Nerita glaucina — littoralis ———-— fluvialitis — pallidus: Halictis tuberculata Patella vulgata — ungaria — parva ——— reticulata wren pellucida — fissura Serpula spirorbus ad ION DES. UNIVALVIA. Plate. é A “ E 27 - - - - 1I - = o ~ 15 - = ONS. 4 te ie ie _ 31 i . t rR 35 - - - - 8 - - - - 8 ? r id - 33 . : 7 : 33 = + = 22 & s = - 22 iy ih oe = 23 - - - ° 13° = - - - 2 SS - 4 = 2 - - = = 13 . - - - 20 = : © - 20 : = = = 16 - - - - 16 Sie M aminvesan tS cE = is i 14 * 3 i ss 21 - - - - pa - - - = Oe : c i 4 3 = . . 4 3 iz # ig f 9 Fig. Ze Be Ie Ze I. I. 1. 1. Ze 30 he 5. I. I. . INDEX FO VOW Ff ACCORDING TO HISTORIA NATURALIS TESTACEORUM BRITANNIZ or DA COSTA. GENUS 1. PATELLA, LIMPET FLITHER OR PAP SHELL. * MARINZE. SEA Plate. Fig. Parerra vulgaris, common ss = - - - 14 Patella parva, small = - - - - 21 Wa De Patella cceruleata, blue rayed - - - - 3 I. I. Patella fissura, slit - - - - - Zs De Patella pileus morionis major, large fool’s cap 2 . 21 I. Patella reticulata, reticulated masque limpet - - 21 Bee. Fe GENUS 2. HALIOTIS, EAR SHELL. Haliotis vulgaris, common » - ee ee g GENUS 3. SERPULA. WORM SHELL. Serpula spirorbis, spiral - “2a vs . - 9 iN D'S &. PART f. YNIVALVIA INVOLUTA. GENUS 5. BULL'A. ‘DIPPER, + * MARINE. SEA. Plate, ' Bulla lignaria, wood - ~ “ - - 27 = PART “it. UNIVALVIA TURBINATA. TROCHUS TOP SHELL. * MARINE. SEA. conulus, conule - - ~ - - 3 ‘Trochus tuberculatus, knobbed - - - ° 3 COCHLEZ, OR SNAILS. GENUS 8. NERITA, NERIT. * FLUVIATILES, RIVER. Nerita Fluviatilis. River - a - z 16 MARINA® SEA. Nerita Littoralis. Strand 2 a = ze 20 Nerita Pallidulus, pale 2 a x ai 16 GENUS 9. HELIX. * TERRESTRES. LAND. HELIX. Cochlea fasciata, girdled Fig. Ze Te Ze Ze Ze I. “tig EF Ny D* EY X. *** MARINAS. SEA. Plate Fig Cochlea catena. Chain > - = - 20. cues GENUS Il. TURBo. * TERRESTRES. LAND. Turbo fasciatus. Fasciated 2 - wi Ps ees, *** MARINA. SEA. Turbo Littoreus, periwinkle - - “ z 33 Ee) Turbo pictus, painted ~ - te 2 25 3949 5,5 Turbo cancellatus, latticed ~ - - - # ae GENUs 13. STROMBIFORMIS. NEEDLE SNAIL. Strombiformis terebra, auger > - 4 : 22 2, Strombiformis cinétus, girdled - art - - 22 ey ae Strombiformis clathratus, barred or false wentletrap - 28 BUCCINA, WILKS, OR WHELKS. GENUS 13. BUCCINA CANALICULATA. GUTTERED WHELKS. * MARINE. SEA. Buccinum magnum, large - - - . 31 Perpuro-Buccinum, purple whelke - ~ > ii IN DE xX. MURICES, ROCKS. GENUS 16. APORRHAIS. * MARINA. SEA. ’ Plate, Aporrhais quadrifidus, four fingered - - - 4 Fig. ORDER 2. BIVALVES. GENUS I. PECTEN. ESCALLOP. _Peéten pictus, painted - - & Ne 12 Peéten distortus, diftorted 5 ‘ & a 34 Peéten monotis, one eared - - ~ = I Peéten parvus, small - - = » “a I GENUS 3. ANOMIA. * MARINE. SEA. Anomia tunica cepz, onion peel - ~ 26 | | ied DPIVIESPO'N: ‘2 GENUS 6. CARDIUM. MHEART COCKLE.” * * MARINAL. SEA. Cardium aculeatum, spiked - - - - 6 Cardium parvum, small - a 4 e s 32 I. 2 Foy Be De is) GENUS 7. PECTUNCULUS; COCKLE. * MARINE. SEA. Pedtunculus glaber, smooth h 2 me GENUS 9: CUNEUS. PURR, * MARINE, SEA. Cuneus fasciatus, fasciated Cuneus foliatus, foliated a “ es ” Cuneus truncatus, truncated - ‘at = Cuneus vittatus, ribband ~ - ~ - GENUS 11. MYTILUS MUSCLE, * MARINZE. SEA. Mytilus Modiolus, great + - - “ Mytilus difcors, divided ° - z = 29 Ze Ze 24 29 Te - iT. 23 25 GENUS 15. PINNA. SEA HAM OR WING. * MARIN. SEA. Pinna muricata, thorny 2 ts ss bs BAE TY. LY. MULTIVALVES, GENUS 18. Balanus vulgaris, common - aif a - Balanus porcatus, ridged - > - - Balanus anatiferus barnacle - - - - Voz. 1. ; M TO 36 Zs 3 39 To I ( b Res BY ihe ry te : i fi y XN a ; SR ie SRS RRO SR le ’ ' . ’ ' Pn) : 4. f % 5 wnt ' : | j x ¢ | -s 4 ’ ’ ' , / ) | ? 7 \ i ‘ / ‘ ' i } i f i : ¢ im ; A CULEATUM, Cardium, Spiked Cockle Anatifera, Lepas, Barnacle ~ : Balanoides, Lepas — os = ys - Balanus, Lepas - > . ~ Bimaculata Tellina, Double Spot Tellen - Chione, Venus - = 2 Ciliare, Cardium > - - Cimex, Turbo, Latticed Whelk - - Cinctus, Turbo, girdled = is Clathratus, Turbe, Falfe Wentletrap e Conoides, Lepas, Conio Acornshell - Conulus, Trochus, Conule - Fs Costata, Lepas, Ribbed Acorn-shell - Despectus Murex, Defpifed Whelk = Discors, Mytilus, divided = ~ Erinaceus, Murex - - - Fasciatus, Turbo, fasciated = = Fissura, Patella, Slip Limpet “ > Fluviatilis, Nerita, River Nerit - - Glaucina, Nerita, Chain Nerit » » Hungarica, Patella, Large Fool’s Cap, Limpet Intertexta Lepas, Striated Acorn Shell * Trius Telli na, Foliated Purr - - Lapillus, Buccinum, Massy, or Purple Whelk Lignaria Bulla - - =e P Lineatum, Buccinum, lineated - - Littoralis, Nerita “ bs 5 Littoreus, Turbo - - = Magus, Trochus, Tuberculated Top Shell - Medium Cardium, Pigeon’s Heart Cockle - Modiolus Mytilus - . “ Muricata Pinna, Thorny Wing, or Sea Ham 2 haar te Fig. Qe I. I. I. Ie Ze I. is I. I. 30 Ze 26 Qo ie Le’ Te 26 Be Is’ ft Ie Io Ye Ze 2. Ze, De Y Dad day ee I. Ts Nemoralis, Helix, Girdled Snail = as ‘Obsoletus, Pecten = - ar ; Pallidulus, Nerita, Pale norte 1 a ad « Pellucida, Patella, Blue’ Rayed Limpet a hoe Pes Pelecani, Strombus, Corvorant’s Foot = Pullus Turbo, Painted Whelk - 2 Pusio, Ostrea, distorted - - Pygmeurn, Cardium, Small Cockle - Reticulz‘a, Patella, Reticulated Mask uae Rudis, Turbo, Thicklipped Mm af Subrufus, Ostrea soe Serpula, Wrackfpangle Tenuis, Vellina, Thin Tellea vas vee srersbr ‘Turbo i Ue tate Trunc-culns, Telfina ” - maith nf Tubercv'ata, Haliotis, Tuberculated Sea Ear Varia Ostrea, Variegated, or One-eared Scallop Vulgata, Patella, Common. Limpet “f | * s « ° i * \ \ - \ aa t - a Pay & * y N ie es y uh ek fi \ , \ ’ j 14 ites: 24, tT ) ; / pit: cite 2 Be | me & La t Pe Ie Ie <5) a 4 ’ ; ka Ze 3 4e § . wy 4a * yo 4 35 . 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INSTITUTION SJINVUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION _ * NVINOSHLINS SZIYNVUSI SMITHSONIAN Ys Vil NVINOSHLINS Saluvual- NVINOS 7 ey: * HITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI 3 “ = ro | a S a 7 at fo a | = x 4 = os faa \ Se Cc ’ = =| =7 — (aa) pe: — eo) _ ‘o) Og Zz “3 PA Ne Z zest dVasiT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Mf Spe ; a g Ee - ru hy i = ite = bbs me) = Ag aa he be - : : ; zg Z 2. o z 7 NVINOSHLINS S31yWYgI7 NVINOSHLINS S3INYWVYGI7 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN 77) z = < = i ime aie Zan 1 mn op) Seni op) -e oO = ps 0 =, re oe? = = ; INOSHLIWS S3IYVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION S Uy S31YVHGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN z < Zz Oo WY) rr ae s (7p) w _ pee ud a i ‘ rai a Yd, > Xe a ” ts SM : peal Cc UY fi 2 ew ‘ co a = ae ze st e) fo) ay, Zz 2 AITHSONIAN INSTITUTION S3luvygi , oF gies ~ Zz | 4¥@ a S D fe > S 4 a | - | - | S3AIYVYUEIT LIBRARIES INSTITUTION _ ” = wae 6 wn on “a “ So te) a =< ae 4 if fo Zz 4 Zz NI r By O Da 5 : : SUG f S z Z oy = Z = | a il S » 3 re NITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOLLALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS = i ” - ls on ul 4% a d ms = o pe a = < 3 < | a is 3 ol me° — WJ a 2 5 2 = > re > - = " “ ‘ ” z wD 2 S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN —- 72) a ,. ” = z = os = < z = = =o Z 4 wy 2 D D = oS z Z = s > : = Renae: ! = : oO. 2 Oo cee ae Be Oo ‘ a SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS | Sa idvug us Lo wl a Wo Y i . ¢4 ie a fea. a |) kK > b- * > , : ? -, 2 o = wn Zz on = S _SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS, $3 luvudg - w” i ¢ z 7 g @ z . | es = = vine a »Z d ae “8 g Z = Z = z > = ‘ >! = > z 7) nee Zz ” “ly hae ra NI_NYINOSHLINS S23 fYVYgit LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTI Zz = & 4 Z 7 sd wd \ a Z = = Yi, ® i) mr oe o Cc : GO A= = “N rsa} SY 2 as ees mf Se) SN ~ Se aa fe) 2 Zs Pad wa za ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3SIYVYES < pile Zz ~ Zz x) os re) pas x. O : ij "ey s 4 a ram ses ee - z, =e gh a | Pak aihnuram) =) ) am Gyif | aa. = J -§ Wy 3 = fet i- a a: 2 m 2 SNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUT z pets = a Y z Ne. a = ee Pe ~ Zz 2 OBE > , > Aes > 7) 4 ” Z a . ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVUS =, ee Z Zz oS _ Gc fed Cc ee . oO 4 a 4 a = ie SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES I 9088 00563 7202 | ll | 3